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MIC39150/39151
Micrel
MIC39150/39151
1.5A Low-Voltage Low-Dropout Regulator
General Description
The MIC39150 and MIC39151 are 1.5A low-dropout linear voltage regulators that provide a low voltage, high current output with a minimum of external components. Utilizing Micrel's proprietary Super eta PNPTM pass element, the MIC39150/1 offers extremely low dropout (typically 375mV at 1.5A) and low ground current (typically 17mA at 1.5A). The MIC39150/1 is ideal for PC add-in cards that need to convert from 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V. A guaranteed maximum dropout voltage of 500mV over all operating conditions allows the MIC39150/1 to provide 2.5V from a supply as low as 3V or 1.8V from a supply as low as 2.3V. The MIC39150/1 also has fast transient response for heavy switching applications. This device requires only 10F of output capacitance to maintain stability and achieve fast transient response The MIC39150/1 is fully protected with overcurrent limiting, thermal shutdown, reversed-battery protection, reversedlead insertion, and reverse-leakage protection. The MIC39151 offers a TTL-logic compatible enable pin and an error flag that indicates undervoltage and over current conditions. Offered in fixed voltages of 2.5V and 1.8V, the MIC39150/1 comes in the TO-220 and TO-263 packages and is an ideal upgrade to older, NPN-based linear voltage regulators.
Features
* 1.5A minimum guaranteed output current * 500mV maximum dropout voltage over temperature Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion Ideal for 2.5 to 1.8V conversion * 1% initial accuracy * Low ground current * Current limiting and Thermal shutdown * Reversed-battery and reversed lead insertion protection * Reversed-leakage protection * Fast transient response * TO-263 and TO-220 packaging * TTL/CMOS compatible enable pin (MIC39151 only) * Error flag output (MIC39151 only)
Applications
* * * * * * Low-voltage digital ICs LDO linear regulator for PC add-in cards High-efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Low-voltage microcontrollers StrongARMTM processor supply
For applications requiring input voltage greater than 16V or automotive load dump protection, see the MIC29150/1/2/3 family.
Typical Application
MIC39150-2.5 VIN 3.3V IN OUT GND VOUT 2.5V 10F tantalum
ENABLE SHUTDOWN
100k MIC39151-2.5 EN IN FLG OUT GND
ERROR FLAG OUTPUT
VIN 3.3V
VOUT 2.5V 10F tantalum
MIC39150 MIC39151
StrongARM is a trademark of Advanced RSIC Machines, Ltd. Micrel, Inc. * 1849 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 944-0970 * http://www.micrel.com
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MIC39150/39151
MIC39150/39151
Micrel
Ordering Information
Part Number MIC39150-1.8BT MIC39150-1.8BU MIC39151-1.8BT MIC39151-1.8BU MIC39150-2.5BT MIC39150-2.5BU MIC39151-2.5BT MIC39151-2.5BU
* order note & V
Voltage 1.8V 1.8V 1.8V 1.8V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V 2.5V
Temperature Range -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C
Package 3-lead TO-220 3-lead TO-263 5-lead TO-220 5-lead TO-263 3-lead TO-220 3-lead TO-263 5-lead TO-220 5-lead TO-263
Pin Configuration
3
TAB
OUT
TAB
3 2 1
OUT GND IN
2 1
GND IN
MIC39150-x.xBT TO-220-3 (T)
MIC39150-x.xBU TO-263-3 (U)
5 4 3 2 1
FLG OUT GND IN EN
5 4 3 2 1
FLG OUT GND IN EN
TAB
TAB
MIC39151-x.xBT TO-220-5 (T)
MIC39151-x.xBU TO-263-5 (U)
Pin Description
Pin Number MIC39150 Pin Number MIC39151 1 1 2, TAB 3 2 3, TAB 4 5 Pin Name EN IN GND OUT FLG Pin Function Enable (Input): TTL/CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable; logic low or open = shutdown Unregulated Input: +16V maximum supply. Ground: Ground pin and TAB are internally connected. Regulator Output Error Flag (Ouput): Open-collector output. Active low indicates an output fault condition.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Supply Voltage (VIN) ..................................... -20V to +20V Enable Voltage (VEN) .................................................. +20V Storage Temperature (TS) ....................... -65C to +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5 sec.) ....................... 260C ESD, Note 3
Operating Ratings (Note 2)
Supply Voltage (VIN) .................................. +2.25V to +16V Enable Voltage (VEN) .................................................. +16V Maximum Power Dissipation (PD(max))..................... Note 4 Junction Temperature (TJ) ....................... -40C to +125C Package Thermal Resistance TO-263 (JC) ......................................................... 2C/W TO-220 (JC) ......................................................... 2C/W
Electrical Characteristics
VIN = VOUT +1V; VEN = 2.4V; TJ = 25C, bold values indicate -40C TJ +125C; unless noted Symbol VOUT Parameter Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation VOUT/T VDO Output Voltage Temp. Coefficient, Note 5 Dropout Voltage, Note 6 IOUT = 100mA, VOUT = -1% IOUT = 750mA, VOUT = -1% IOUT = 1.5A, VOUT = -1% IGND IGND(do) IOUT(lim) IOUT(min) VEN IIN Ground Current, Note 7 IOUT = 750mA, VIN = VOUT + 1V IOUT = 1.5A, VIN = VOUT + 1V Dropout Ground Pin Current Current Limit Minimum Load Current VIN VOUT(nominal) - 0.5V, IOUT = 10mA VOUT = 0V, VIN = VOUT + 1V Condition 10mA 10mA IOUT 1.5A, VOUT + 1V VIN 8V IOUT = 10mA, VOUT + 1V VIN 16V VIN = VOUT + 1V, 10mA IOUT 1.5A, Min -1 -2 0.06 0.2 20 80 260 375 4 17 1.1 2.8 7 10 500 20 Typ Max 1 2 0.5 1 100 200 Units % % % % ppm/C mV mV mV mA mA mA A mA
Enable Input (MIC39151) Enable Input Voltage logic low (off) logic high (on) Enable Input Current VEN = 2.25V VEN = 0.8V IOUT(shdn) IFLG(leak) VFLG(do) VFLG Shutdown Output Current Note 8 10 2.25 1 15 30 75 2 4 20 0.8 V V A A A A A A A mV mV % 99.2 1 % %
Flag Output (MIC39151) Output Leakage Current Output Low Voltage Low Threshold High Threshold Hysteresis VOH = 16V VIN = 2.250V, IOL, = 250A, Note 9 % of VOUT % of VOUT 93 0.01 180 1 2 300 400
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Note 1. Note 2. Note 3. Note 4. Note 5. Note 6. Note 7. Note 8. Note 9. Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. PD(max) = (TJ(max) - TA) / JA, where JA depends upon the printed circuit layout. See "Applications Information." Output voltage temperature coefficient is VOUT(worst case) / (TJ(max) - TJ(min)) where TJ(max) is +125C and TJ(min) is -40C.
Micrel
VDO = VIN - VOUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT + 1V. For output voltages below 2.25V, dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage being 2.25V. Minimum input operating voltage is 2.25V. IGND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT. VEN 0.8V, VIN 8V, and VOUT = 0V. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout).
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Typical Characteristics
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V PSRR (dB)
60 50 PSRR (dB) 40 30 20
50 40 30 20 10
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
500
Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current
DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV)
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V
400 300 200 100 0 VOUT = 1.8V
ILOAD = 1.5A 10 COUT = 10F CIN = 0 0 1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6 1k 10k 100k 1M 10 100 FREQUENCY (Hz)
0 1E+1 1E+2 1E+3 1E+4 1E+5 1E+6 1k 10k 100k 1M 10 100 FREQUENCY (Hz)
ILOAD = 1.5A COUT = 47F CIN = 0
VOUT = 2.5V
0
500 1000 1500 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
600 DROPOUT VOLTAGE (mV) 500 400 300 200 100
Dropout Voltage vs. Temperature
2.8
Dropout Characteristics
25 ILOAD = 100mA
Ground Current vs. Output Current
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 ILOAD = 1.5A ILOAD = 750mA
20 15 10 5 VOUT = 2.5V 0 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) VOUT = 1.8V
VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 2.5V
ILOAD = 1.5A
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage
1.8
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage
65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
0.36 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 0.35 0.34 0.33
Ground Current vs. Temperature
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 ILOAD = 10mA 2 4 6 8 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 12 ILOAD = 100mA
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
1.6
ILOAD = 1500mA ILOAD = 1000mA ILOAD = 750mA
VOUT = 1.8V
0.32 V = 2.5V OUT 0.31 ILOAD = 10mA
0
2 4 6 8 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
12
0.30 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A)
8 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Ground Current vs. Temperature
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
25 20 15
Ground Current vs. Temperature
VOUT = 2.5V
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5
Short Circuit vs. Temperature
typical 2.5V device
VOUT = 2.5V VOUT = 1.8V
typical 1.8V device
VOUT = 1.8V 10 5 ILOAD = 1.5A
ILOAD = 750mA
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
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6 FLAG VOLTAGE (V) 5 4 3 2 1
Error Flag Pull-Up Resistor
ENABLE CURRENT A)
12 10 8 6 4 2
Enable Current vs. Temperature
FLAG VOLTAGE (mV) VIN = VOUT + 1V VEN = 2.4V
250 200 150 100 50
Flag-Low Voltage vs. Temperature
FLAG-LOW VOLTAGE
VIN = 5V FLAG HIGH (OK)
VIN = 2.25V RPULL-UP = 22k
FLAG LOW (FAULT) 1 10 100 100010000 RESISTANCE (k)
0 0.01 0.1
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100120140 TEMPERATURE (C)
Functional Characteristics
Load Transient Response
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/div.) VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 10F OUTPUT VOLTAGE (500mV/div.)
Load Transient Response
VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 47F
LOAD CURRENT (500mA/div.)
100mA
LOAD CURRENT (500mA/div.)
1.5A
1.5A
10mA
TIME (250s/div.)
TIME (250s/div.)
Load Transient Response
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/div.)
VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 10F ILOAD = 10mA 5V
INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div.)
3.3V
TIME (500s/div.)
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Functional Diagram
IN O.V. ILIMIT 1.180V FLAG* 1.240V 18V
OUT
Ref.
EN* Thermal Shutdown
GND * MIC39151 only
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compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super eta PNP regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to Application Note 9 for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink specification. Output Capacitor The MIC39150/1 requires an output capacitor to maintain stability and improve transient response. Proper capacitor selection is important to ensure proper operation. The MIC39150/1 output capacitor selection is dependent upon the ESR (equivalent series resistance) of the output capacitor to maintain stability. When the output capacitor is 10F or greater, the output capacitor should have an ESR less than 2. This will improve transient response as well as promote stability. Ultralow ESR capacitors (<100m), such as ceramic chip capacitors may promote instability. These very low ESR levels may cause an oscillation and/or underdamped transient response. A low-ESR solid tantalum capacitor works extremely well and provides good transient response and stability over temperature. Aluminum electrolytics can also be used, as long as the ESR of the capacitor is < 2. The value of the output capacitor can be increased without limit. Higher capacitance values help to improve transient response and ripple rejection and reduce output noise. Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1F or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk ac supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surfacemount, ceramic chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be placed within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V or 2.5V to 1.8V Conversion The MIC39150/1 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 10F output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPN-based designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, or 2.5V to 1.8V, the NPN-based regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The MIC39150/1 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.5V, respectively. This gives
Applications Information
The MIC39150/1 is a high-performance low-dropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to high-current voltage regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load and overtemperature makes it especially valuable in batterypowered systems and as high-efficiency noise filters in postregulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, where the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the base-to-emitter voltage drop and collector-to-emitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. Micrel's Super eta PNPTM process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. The MIC39150/1 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. Transient protection allows device (and load) survival even when the input voltage spikes above and below nominal. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow.
VIN MIC39150-x.x IN CIN OUT GND COUT VOUT
Figure 1. Capacitor Requirements Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: * Maximum ambient temperature (TA) * Output Current (IOUT) * Output Voltage (VOUT) * Input Voltage (VIN) * Ground Current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = (VIN - VOUT) IOUT + VIN IGND where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the "Electrical Characteristics" or "Typical Characteristics." Then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: SA = TJ(max) - TA PD - JC + CS
(
)
Where TJ (max) 125C and CS is between 0 and 2C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large
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the PNP-based regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. Minimum Load Current The MIC39150 regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper regulation. Error Flag The MIC39151 version features an error flag circuit which monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an open-collector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition.
Micrel
Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown. Enable Input The MIC39151 version features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws "zero" current (only microamperes of leakage). The enable input is TTL/ CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected to up to 20V. When enabled, it draws approximately 15A.
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Package Information
0.151 D 0.005 (3.84 D 0.13) 0.410 0.010 (10.41 0.25) 0.108 0.005 (2.74 0.13) 0.176 0.005 (4.47 0.13)
0.050 0.005 (1.27 0.13)
0.590 0.005 (14.99 0.13)
7
0.818 0.005 (20.78 0.13)
0.356 0.005 (9.04 0.13)
7
3
1.140 0.010 (28.96 0.25)
0.050 0.003 (1.27 .08) 0.100 0.005 (2.54 0.13)
0.030 0.003 (0.76 0.08)
0.018 0.008 (0.46 0.020)
0.100 0.020 (2.54 0.51) DIMENSIONS: INCH (MM)
3-Lead TO-220 (T)
0.150 D 0.005 (3.81 D 0.13) 0.400 0.015 (10.16 0.38) 0.108 0.005 (2.74 0.13) 0.241 0.017 (6.12 0.43)
0.177 0.008 (4.50 0.20) 0.050 0.005 (1.27 0.13)
0.578 0.018 (14.68 0.46)
SEATING PLANE
7 Typ. 0.550 0.010 (13.97 0.25)
0.067 0.005 (1.70 0.127) 0.268 REF (6.81 REF)
0.032 0.005 (0.81 0.13)
0.018 0.008 (0.46 0.20)
0.103 0.013 (2.620.33)
Dimensions: inch (mm)
5-Lead TO-220-5 (T)
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0.4050.005 0.065 0.010 202 0.0500.005
0.176 0.005 0.050 0.005
0.3600.005 0.6000.025 SEATING PLANE 0.004 +0.004 -0.008
0.100 BSC DIM. = INCH
0.050
8 MAX 0.015 0.002
0.100 0.01
3-Lead TO-263 (U)
0.4050.005 0.065 0.010 202 0.0500.005
0.176 0.005 0.060 0.005
0.3600.005 0.6000.025 SEATING PLANE 0.004 +0.004 -0.008
0.0670.005 DIM. = INCH
0.032 0.003
8 MAX 0.015 0.002
0.100 0.01
5-Lead TO-263-5 (U)
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MICREL INC. 1849 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131
TEL
USA
+ 1 (408) 944-0800
FAX
+ 1 (408) 944-0970
WEB
http://www.micrel.com
This information is believed to be accurate and reliable, however no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties resulting from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Micrel Inc. (c) 2000 Micrel Incorporated
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